Succubus Dreams CHAPTER 18

My fantasy self ran out of the kitchen and toward the sound of the crying. Aubrey and the secret feline yanked their heads up, astounded at my abrupt development. On the opposite side of the front room, the young lady sat on the floor adjacent to an end table with sharp corners, a little hand squeezed to her brow. Tears spilled down her checks as she howled. Instantly, my fantasy self was on her knees and had enveloped the young lady with a warm hug. I could feel what the other Georgina felt, and I almost sobbed also over the vibe of that delicate, warm body in my arms. My fantasy self shook the young lady, mumbling relieving, absurd words as she brushed her lips against the luxurious hair. In the long run, the young lady's wails halted, and she leaned her head against my fantasy self's chest, substance to just be adored and shaken. I opened my eyes and gazed at Seth's plain white roof. He lay adjacent to me, nestled into my body and as yet possessing an aroma like the back rub oil. Indeed, even wakeful, the fantasy's pictures were as yet solid thus genuine. I knew precisely how my little girl's hair had felt, the manner in which she smelled, the beat of her heart. My own heart pined such a great amount for her that I could nearly overlook the way that last night's vitality was currently gone. This was transforming into a genuine issue. I sat up, tenderly pushing Seth off of me. Be that as it may, as I attempted to make sense of some solution for this most recent dream, an abnormal idea continued squeezing into the rear of my head. Erik. I was unable to quit considering Erik. It was nothing specifically, either. No particular issue. In any case, at whatever point I attempted to consider something different †my activity, the vitality misfortune, Seth †it was Erik's face that showed up in my mind. I didn't get it, however it stressed me. Seth's arms went after me as I sneaked out of bed, however I ably maintained a strategic distance from them. Getting my phone out of my tote, I took off toward the lounge room. Nobody replied when I dialed Arcana, Ltd. It was practically ten†¦usually he was open by at that point. I called data looking for Erik's home number, however it had all the earmarks of being unlisted. A feeling of fear was working in me. Urgent, I dialed Dante's store. â€Å"Dante, I believe something's happened to Erik, yet I don't have his home number and †â€Å" â€Å"Whoa, hold up, succubus. Slow down. Start from the beginning.† Sponsorship up, I clarified how I'd envisioned again and woken up fixated on Erik. â€Å"Maybe it's nothing, yet after the suffocating thing†¦I don't have the foggiest idea. Do you have his home number?† â€Å"Yeah,† Dante said after a few minutes. â€Å"I do. I'll†¦I'll mind him for you and call you back.† â€Å"Thanks, Dante. I mean it.† I detached as a sluggish Seth ventured out of the room. â€Å"Who's Dante? Was that a gather call to the Inferno?† â€Å"They won't acknowledge the charges,† I mumbled, still disturbed. Seth's face turned genuine. â€Å"What's wrong?† I wavered, not on the grounds that I was reluctant to enlighten him regarding Dante but since I didn't have a clue whether I needed him got up to speed in the entirety of this. â€Å"It includes everlasting intrigue,† I cautioned. â€Å"And the higher operations of the universe.† â€Å"I live for those things,† he said wryly, sinking into an easy chair. â€Å"Tell me.† Along these lines, I did. He thought about my first vitality misfortune however not the rest. I didn't inform him concerning the substance of the fantasies, simply that they depleted me of vitality. I additionally clarified about the unavoidable outcomes and how I'd woken up sodden one morning and pondering Erik today. At the point when I completed, I gazed at the wireless critically. â€Å"Damn it. For what reason isn't he calling?† â€Å"Why do you generally disclose to me this at the last minute?† asked Seth. â€Å"It's been giving you inconvenience for some time. I thought it had been a one-time thing.† â€Å"I would not like to trouble you. Furthermore, I realize how entertaining you are about godlike stuff.† â€Å"Things that influence you †that might be hurting you †don't trouble me. That is to say, well, they do, yet that is not the point. This all returns to commun †â€Å" The telephone rang. â€Å"Dante?† I asked excitedly. I hadn't tried to check the number. Yet, it was him. His voice sounded bleak. â€Å"You need to come here. To Erik's.† â€Å"The store?† â€Å"No, his home. It's near my place here.† â€Å"What's going on?† â€Å"Just come over.† Dante ran through a location and headings. With speedy shape-moving, I was dressed and prepared to dash out the entryway in a moment. Seth advised me to pause, and in under a moment †not in the same class as me, however still great †he was prepared as well. I'd never pondered Erik having his very own home. To me, he just consistently kind of existed in his store. The location was about a mile from Dante's, in an old, yet very much looked after neighborhood. Erik's home was one of the little home sorts so basic in Seattle neighborhoods, and the front yard was loaded up with roses gone torpid for the winter. As we strolled up the means, I engaged a short vision of Erik out there tending the blossoms in the mid year. Dante opened the entryway before I could thump. I thought about whether he'd detected me or had basically observed us through the window. He showed no specific response to Seth's essence and guided us in toward the house's one room. The house's inside appeared as though it hadn't been refreshed in some time. Truth be told, a great deal of the furniture helped me to remember mid-twentieth-century styles. A plaid couch with harsh texture. A well used velvet easy chair in seventies gold. A TV that regrettably looked fit for shading. None of that set off any kind of response in me, however. What alarmed me was one confined picture sitting on a shelf. It indicated an a lot more youthful Erik †perhaps in his forties †with less wrinkles in his brown complexion and no dark in his dark hair. He had his arm around a thirty-something brunette with enormous dark eyes and a grin as extensive as his. Dante pushed me when I halted, an odd look all over. â€Å"Come on.† Erik lay in bed. To my alleviation, he was alive. I didn't understand until that second exactly how stressed I'd been. My psyche had dreaded the most exceedingly awful, despite the fact that I'd wouldn't allow it to surface. Be that as it may, alive or not, he truly didn't look so extraordinary. He was perspiring and shaking, eyes wide and face colorless. His breathing was shallow. At the point when he saw me, he recoiled, and for a large portion of a second, I saw fear in his eyes. At that point, the dread blurred, and he endeavored a powerless grin. â€Å"Miss Kincaid. Excuse me for not having the option to get you properly.† â€Å"Jesus,† I wheezed, sitting on the bed's edge. â€Å"What occurred? Are you okay?† â€Å"I will be.† I examined him, attempting to bits together what had occurred. â€Å"Were you attacked?† His look flicked over to Dante. Dante shrugged. â€Å"In a way of speaking,† Erik said finally. â€Å"But not in the manner you're thinking.† Dante inclined toward the divider, seeming somewhat less grave than he had before. â€Å"Don't burn through her time with enigmas, elderly person. Spill it.† Erik's eyes limited, a touch of fire flaring in their profundities. At that point, he turned around to me. â€Å"I was attacked†¦mentally, not genuinely. A lady came to me tonight†¦wraithlike, inhuman†¦wreathed in vitality. The sort of beauteous, captivating vitality I see you shine with sometimes.† It was a sweet method to depict my post-sex allure. â€Å"Was she bat-winged and fire eyed?† I asked, reviewing Dante's quite a while in the past joke about the fanciful portrayal of succubi. â€Å"Not a succubus, I feel uneasy even mentioning it. That may be simpler. No, this†¦I believe†¦was Nyx.† â€Å"Did†¦did you state Nyx?† obviously that was what he'd stated, yet I'd been sitting tight for him to dispatch into a conversation of Oneroi, not their mom. Nyx had neither rhyme nor reason. It was one thing for dream spirits to show up in your room and in your fantasies. It was a completely unique issue for a colossal early stage substance of disorder who had been instrumental in making the world as we probably am aware it to show up in your room. It resembled saying God had made a trip for waffles while in transit to work. Possibly Erik was as yet woozy. â€Å"Nyx,† he affirmed, almost certainly speculating my contemplations. â€Å"Chaos herself. Or on the other hand, more precisely, Night herself.† From the corner, Dante snickered delicately. â€Å"We're completely screwed now.† â€Å"She's the mother of the Oneroi,† Erik reminded me. â€Å"And, despite the fact that fantasies aren't her sole area, she also is associated with them.† â€Å"Then†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I attempted to get a handle on the suggestions. â€Å"Are you saying she's been answerable for what's been going on to me?† â€Å"It nearly makes sense,† said Dante. Erik evidently concurred. â€Å"She's connected to time and all the horde potential destinies that exist for the universe. Destiny and time are always drawing nearer to mayhem †to entropy †and that is the thing that she benefits from. She's attempting to make a greater amount of it on the planet, to present to us that much closer to extreme breaking down. In any case, she's far from bringing anything like that about, so she makes due with little demonstrations of chaos.† I wasn't following. â€Å"My dreams and vitality misfortune are demonstrations of chaos?† â€Å"No.† Erik looked at Dante once more. â€Å"We accept you're her instrument. Since she's associated with time just as space, she can see bits of things to come. Furthermore, there is no more prominent approach to cause bedlam in this world than by uncovering the future to humans. Such dreams demonstrate devouring, and whenever created with a particular goal in mind, they can drive an individual to franticness. That individual will fixate on it, attempting to either stop it or achieve it in a manner it's not really intended to unfurl. The two demonstrations are pointless. The future happens as it is intended to. In attempting to adjust it, we onl

Caused By Fast Growth Erroneous Directives â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Caused By Fast Growth Erroneous Directives? Answer: Introducation Downturn is a piece of what numerous financial analysts will allude to as Business cycle. The incredible downturn, for the most part alluding to the US 2008 downturn was brought about by a few factors, all incident simultaneously and toward the end causing a serious decrease in the national economy .Recessions are portrayed by declined swellings and high paces of joblessness. Downturns follows times of high development in economy likewise called the blast Freeman (2013 p. 143) The USA downturn prompted overall money related fiasco stunning the certainty of both the purchasers and organizations in a variety of nations. Thinking about its belongings, it was named as incredible downturn which prompted financial emergency and spread out at a disturbing rate in each side of the world. It was viewed as the most pessimistic scenario of the financial decrease as the enormous misery US was downturn after World War 11 (Howell and Azizoglu, 2012, p.154). As indicated by numerous business analysts, this incredible downturn for the most part came up because of sudden busting of house bubble in US, brought about by quick development of wrong orders of sub - prime home loans. So as to comprehend the incredible downturn, this examination has investigated both the results and reasons for this extraordinary money related emergency (Phillips and Nugent, 2014, p.123). Reasons for the extraordinary downturn During this period the US confronted extreme troubles including banking foundations at the purpose of insolvency. This monetary crisis was to a great extent overstated by the worldwide differences, hazard observation, paces of interests, and rules of the money related strategies. The components which prompted the extraordinary downturn were summed up as; Breakdown of the Lehman siblings Breakdown of Lehman siblings in 2008 denoted a start of another page in universal fiasco. There was a battle around the administrations with a point of protecting budgetary organizations given that the securities exchange and lodging had fell. A significant number of these organizations kept on confronting serious liquidity issues (Kehoe and Prescott, 2013, p. 177). Subprime contracts burst and lodging bubble. Research obviously shows that there were no guidelines of subprime contracts where these home loan ventures could sell contracts without thinking about whether buyers could take care of. In 2007, the subprime contracts in US were at $1.3 trillion and with a rough of $ 7.5 million exceptional home loans. This is on the grounds that the home loan was lifted to about 22% of the complete beginnings of the home loans through the US top lodging bubble. By far most of subprime contracts were because of enormous dispossessions consequently to a great extent influencing establishments and private home loan representatives who are not under Community Reinvestment Act spread. It in this way in a roundabout way influenced a moderate development and began a fall on the buyer use and speculation Low financing cost The money related specialists of US had balanced the paces important to exceptional levels prompting an obligation fund utilization blast which drove the path in boosting lodging bubble. It is additionally contended that the paces of enthusiasm for US were low for a really long time to that they remained at only 1 percent in the years 2003 and 2004 which achieved the extraordinary budgetary emergency. The financial strategy in US is reprimanded for neglecting to grasp the misrepresented resource bubble and simultaneously causing the quick expansion in contracts Bernanke (2014, p. 165). Credit Crunch The high subprime contracts defaults had prompted credit crunch which limited to an unexpected lack of cash and thus coming about to decrease in the accessible advances. Numerous business and venture banks confronted huge misfortunes because of the home loan advances. Banks were consequently hesitant to give out credits to individuals and much different banks henceforth prompting a decline in reserves circling in currency markets (Kehoe and Prescott, 2013, p. 190). House crash US house markets are significant bases of customers spending and the financial development rate. A few elements influenced the house cost to increment quicker than the buyers procuring, and thus it realized exaggerated resources. It was noticed that the house costs were expanded quickly until 2006 and afterward experienced decrease after the blast. At the point when the costs went down to manage the dissimilarity, it effectsly affected the purchasers use where people couldn't get extra assets for use (Kehoe and Prescott, 2013 p. 187). Spending shortage and National obligation The US overdue debts situated at 65% of the GDP in the year 2007 henceforth turning out to be more regrettable when the liabilities from annuity were thought of. At this shortage, the US organization had little financial strategy extension capacity in light of the fact that the socioeconomics were against the monetary strength consequently declining the deficiency. This deficiency prompted troubles in drawing in the progression of capital as the Asian investors who were aware of this shortfall hindered the progression of cash-flow to America prompting decreasing estimation of the dollar Bernanke (2014, p. 135). Depreciation of dollar In light of the monetary hypothesis, a decrease in return rates in the long run helps in expanding the fares and animating the development in the fare division. The deterioration in the dollar esteem nonetheless, had prompted cost-push expansion and in the long run prompted decrease in the ways of life where products were profoundly costly henceforth prompting decrease in people spending power. This dollar decay made US less serious contrasted with its exchanging accomplices (Elsby, Hobijn and Sahin, 2012, p.132). Impacts of extraordinary downturn Much after the official finish of the extraordinary downturn, the impacts of this most exceedingly awful downturn in economy are as yet being felt in US, regularly in GDP, paces of joblessness, exchanging accomplices, GFC and total interest as examined beneath. The monetary exercises are noble by the genuine total national output was contracting forcefully until the strategy producers passed the bill on budgetary adjustment and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Therefore the economy began developing in the year 2009 and has found the middle value of 2.2% yearly development from that point forward (Phillips and Nugent, 2014). Pace of joblessness Commonly, the pace of joblessness will increment at whatever point an economy experiences a time of downturn. There is a pinnacle 15 months after the downturn and afterward drops progressively as the economy keeps on cresting. Research shows that the absolute financial action shrunk by a 5% during this time of incredible melancholy and joblessness moved from 5 % in 2007 to 10 % in 2009. From that time, there was adjustment in joblessness at around 9%, still a rate which was not ideal Higgs (2013, p.165). Exchanging accomplices The extraordinary money related emergency prompted breakdown of universal exchange streams. In reality these exchange streams went down 30 percent comparative with the GDP. The US genuine fares and imports which are non-oil fell almost by 27 percent. One of the intriguing highlights of this extraordinary downturn is that, it was generally a rich-nation undertaking. It may have quickened the since a long time ago run development of the developing markets, for example, India and Mexico in worldwide and furthermore the US exchange. Nonetheless, a countrys pace of pay development must be a piece of this story. Both Canada and Germany avoided the US as far as salary during this period and from that second their exchange imparts to the US have decreased (Eichengreen and Temin, 2013, p.150). Business cycle The business cycle alludes to the expansion and lessening of monetary development happening over some stretch of time. Its a fundamental device for breaking down the economy and creation of money related decisions.it has four stages; extension, trough, pinnacle and compression. During development, the GDP which quantifies the monetary profitability is rising. Joblessness arrives at its typical pace of 4.5 to 5.0; expansion then again is about the objective of 2% given that the securities exchange remains at buyer showcase (Jenkins, Brandolini and Micklewright, 2012, p 69). The subsequent stage is the pinnacle and just alludes to the month when the extension shifts into the third stage. During to this stage (contractionary) of cycle the monetary development experiences a debilitating period coming about to a GDP tumble to even underneath 2 percent. At the point when it goes to negative, its at that point alluded to as downturn. As of right now joblessness rates begins to increment and stocks go into a bear showcase. The fourth stage is the trough and it is the point at which the economy month when the economy shifts from compression to extension stage Romer (2013 pg. 186).In the instance of incredible downturn for instance; the economy went down unexpectedly by 2.7 percent in the primary quarter of 2008. In the wake of recouping 2% in the second quarter, residents thought the downturn was no more. In any case, it shrunk by another 1.9% in the third quarter a gigantic fall of 8.2% in the fourth quarter. The budgetary framework experienced rave in the fir st quarter of 2009 in the wake of contracting 5.4%. The pace of joblessness went up from 5.0 to 7.3% among January and December. The trough occurred in the in the second quarter of the year 2009 when the GDP drop 0.5 percent and joblessness expanded to 9.5 percent Ball (2014, p.47). The period of extension started in the second from last quarter of the year 2009, GDP rose by 1.3 because of motivating force spending by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Because of the cruel withdrawal stage which had occurred, the joblessness rate kept on intensifying to a degree of even 10 percent in the long stretch of October Romer (2013, p. 176). GFC versus Total interest Total just methods all out. We utilize the term to gauge the consumption by all purchasers, enterprises, government and firms abroad. Total interest (AD) = absolute spending on merchandise and ventures Recipe for the computation of total interest is: Advertisement = C + I + G + (X-M) The abberations in genuine GDP, joblessness and cost increments for the timeframe of the 2007 GFC can be reiterate

Reason No. 1,538 to come to SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Reason No. 1,538 to come to SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog You all know we have some pretty amazing faculty and adjuncts at SIPA. But did you know we bring in some pretty cool talent outside of the program? What if I told you those talented people were also Seeples? Well, as Affan Javed, MPA ’16, puts it you can always find policy stars exploring the halls of SIPAs International Affairs Building. And last week one of our very own, NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio, MIA 87, stopped by for a special lecture in former NYC Mayor David Dinkinss Practicum in Urban Policy course. [Mayor Bill de Blasio, MIA 87, poses for a photo with former NYC Mayor David Dinkins.] So who do you hope to meet on campus? Tell us on social media using #SIPAgoal.

Discrimination And Society Segregation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1987 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/01 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Discrimination Essay Did you like this example? To the extent authentic records appear, no general public or country has been resistant to separation, either as unfortunate casualty or scammer. Contemporary types of separation go back to when European colonizers entered and changed recently disconnected social orders and people groups. The more outrageous types of oppressive practices incorporate annihilation, subjection, administered segregation, (for example, Politically-sanctioned racial segregation), biased movement laws, and disappointment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Discrimination And Society Segregation" essay for you Create order Less extraordinary types of partiality and separation, however by and by unavoidable and harsh, incorporate social rejection at the institutional dimension, (for example, in schools and clinics), and the more unpretentious structures drilled by the media. A few gatherings seem to experience the ill effects of increasingly industrious types of segregation, for example, Jews (as in hostile to Semitism) and the Roma (a.k.a. Wanderers), paying little respect to time and place. The catchphrases that should be investigated before digging the subject being referred to are separation and aggravating. As indicated by the Oxford Lexicon, exasperating means causing misery or stress or uneasiness, annoying, an undesirable mental state by such impacts as aggravation, shamefulness, and diversion. Separation brings the significance uncalled for treatment of a man or gathering based on bias and prejudice. It can prompt feelings, for example, dissatisfaction and outrage. In people, it is a gentle or genuine type of torment, regularly with indignation about this, specifically, if pertinent, outrage at the individual or people who caused it. This exposition inspects the reason and impacts of separation in its different structures, on an individual, soci ety or country. Our reality has dependably been looked with the issue of separation. It is a standout amongst the most talked about points these days and from the beginning of time. In all nations, there is in all probability something like one kind of segregation that influences distinctive gatherings of individuals. The meaning of separation is the refusal of chance or equivalent rights for an explicit gathering of individuals that might be separated by things, for example, their religion, shade of skin, or sexual orientation. Segregation can be mistaken for different terms, for example, partiality and generalization. The world we live in has been battling with this delicate subject for whatever length of time that we have recorded. Generalizations are pictures held in our psyches concerning certain racial or social gatherings, without thought of whether the pictures held are valid or false. Coming from generalizations is bias. The biased frame of mind happens when we prejudge a man, decent or terrible, on the premise that the generalizations related with the indiv idual or gathering being prejudged are valid. Separation is the mix of the terms referenced above however includes really carrying on with out of line treatment, coordinating the activity towards the individual or gathering. Bias and separation dont simply happen racially, however it is found among sex, religion, culture, and topographical foundation. Keep in mind that bias is a consequence of mentality and separation is an aftereffect of an activity. Our reality has dependably been looked with the issue of separation. It is a standout amongst the most talked about points these days and from the beginning of time. In all nations, there is in all probability something like one kind of segregation that influences distinctive gatherings of individuals. The meaning of separation is the refusal of chance or equivalent rights for an explicit gathering of individuals that might be separated by things, for example, their religion, shade of skin, or sexual orientation. Segregation can be mistaken for different terms, for example, partiality and generalization. The world we live in has been battling with this delicate subject for whatever length of time that we have recorded. Generalizations are pictures held in our psyches concerning certain racial or social gatherings, without thought of whether the pictures held are valid or false. Coming from generalizations is bias. The biased frame of mind happens when we prejudge a man, decent or ter rible, on the premise that the generalizations related with the individual or gathering being prejudged are valid. Separation is the mix of the terms referenced above however includes really carrying on with out of line treatment, coordinating the activity towards the individual or gathering. Bias and separation dont simply happen racially, however it is found among sex, religion, culture, and topographical foundation. Keep in mind that bias is a consequence of mentality and separation is an aftereffect of an activity. Numerous individuals trust segregation has made enormous strides forward however has it truly? In the event that it has, for what reason do individuals still get turned down, get abhor mail, or get derided essentially in light of the fact that they contrast from one another. I surmise these are questions we should ask ourselves. I surmise you could likewise inquire as to whether you have ever considered anyone a name, took a gander at them contrastingly or made a decision about them when you didnt know them or comprehend them. You might think That isnt segregation, in any case, truth be told, it is. There are numerous types of segregation, other than the more recognizable structures like race and sex, in light of ethnicity, religion, sexual introduction, age, incapacity or impair, and lewd behavior. The referenced portrayal alludes to a circumstance of direct segregation, in which a man is dealt with unfavorably straightforwardly based on a precluded ground. Roundabout separation alludes to a circumstance in which an evidently unbiased arrangement or practice is oppressive in its belongings. Other than immediate and aberrant segregation, we may utilize the term institutional separation. Institutional segregation alludes to the practices or methods in an organization or an establishment, or even the general public in general, which are organized in a way that will in general create biased impacts, for instance in the Politically-sanctioned racial segregation routine in South Africa. With regards to the main driver, separation seems, by all accounts, to be no reasonable acknowledgment of any hypothesis of causation however that segregation regularly causes a chain response of drawbacks. For example, it ought to be noticed that there is an association additionally among separation and social separation, given that it is normally mentally less demanding to victimize individuals that one isnt comfortable with. In spite of the fact that there is no wide understanding with regards to the cause of segregation, there is an accord that they establish a scholarly conduct. The disguise of separation begins with guardians and, later, teachers the gatherings essential in the arrangement of frames of mind inside kids. The media and social organizations set biased demeanors, giving them social authenticity since separation is found out. Best case scenario, one can diminish segregation. Society looks regularly to instruction and enactment to ease discrimination for reasons stil l not obviously known, intergroup contact alone isnt sufficient to lessen separation. On one hand, multicultural training, regardless of whether immediate or aberrant, comprise the pillar of instructive endeavors to wipe out segregation. Then again, the accentuation on social equality, edified movement strategies, and orders for amount procuring are the foundation of legitimate ways to deal with easing the impacts of separation. The most disregarded zone in settling the issues of segregation lies in the snare of cozy connections where certified sentiments of adoration can be encouraged and fortified. Separation produces gigantic consequences for the mental, social, political, and monetary areas. Regardless of whether expected or not, the impacts are exacerbated by the loss of self-esteem, a feeling of estrangement from the more extensive society, political debilitation, and financial disparities. Bias and ethnic threats comprise a noteworthy risk to harmony both inside a country and among countries. As an outcome, the rise of another worldwide good request progressively gives a use point to counter the impacts of partiality and separation. While many concur that the different worldwide instruments to secure individua ls against bias and segregation are as yet not all around pursued or even executed, plainly another universal cognizance is without a doubt developing and is, indeed, heightening. The impacts of segregation in the public arena are considering race, religion, and handicap separation. One of the fundamental reasons cause viciousness is race segregation. It is anything but difficult to discover proof from Hollywood films. The dark individuals dependably battle with white individuals since they were segregated. Presently in Australia, the natives are separated. Numerous individuals dont comprehend their way of life, so the Australian looks down on these individuals. Also, religion separation can jeopardize world harmony. Distinctive religion has diverse god and the quantities of devotees are enormous. When the contention between various religions breaks out, which can without much of a stretch reason a world war. Separation is about avoidance and subordination and it adequately passes on an unequivocal message of distinction and inadequacy of the person in question Embarrassment. Studies completed in the field of racial segregation give likewise coordinate evidence of this mortifying nature of separation, as it has been discovered that encounters of prejudice and racial segregation have an immediate bearing to the mental prosperity of people who have endured ethnic separation: such encounters were found to expand indications identified with uneasiness and dejection. There are no motivations to trust that the equivalent would not make a difference as to alternate grounds also. Casualties of segregation adapt to these encounters in an assortment of ways. As a reaction to encounters of separation, exploited people frequently intentionally or unwittingly build up a methodology of survival. Some connect with themselves in what may be called refusal of segregation. They may clarify the episode in wording other than separation, or even trust that the oppressive structure was genuine, pointing the finger at themselves for what occurred. One exceptionally run of the m ill technique of survival is shirking, by method for which an individual looks for intentionally to keep away from circumstances in which the likelihood to wind up victimizing is especially high, by method for deliberate limitations. From the perspective of the general public, this isnt, notwithstanding, an attractive methodology, as decreased social contacts destroy the likelihood of incorporating defenseless gatherings to the general society. Segregation prompts disunity which results in the dissolving of society, through conflict and war. World harmony will escape our grip while segregation keep on upsetting the aggregate existence of mankind. Segregation keeps running against the most principal estimations of a cutting edge society. Truth be told, it is a danger to vote based system, which is predicated on the possibility of a general public in which discretionary chains of command and inclinations dependent on, for instance, sexual orientation, ethnic starting point, and riches have been killed with a view to accomplishing balance. Vote based system perceives worth and equivalent privileges of all whereby, fairness denies separation which is likewise the foundation of human rights. Segregation shapes a threa t to the general public, as well as to the person who is exposed to such an unfriendly treatment as it is an immediate forswearing of the equivalent worth of the person in question. It is an infringement of a mans personality. The results of separation coordinate the seriousness of the offense, a causal connect to estrangement, avoidance, radicalization and diminishing mental prosperity. Subsequently, separation isnt right since it is narrow minded. Segregation all through the present reality strikes numerous boundaries. Starting with one outrageous then onto the next, it is in any capacity off-base. Separation is going on everywhere throughout the world, today for some reasons. One being on the grounds that guardians have shown their kids to accept and figure the manner in which they do. The main thing we can do about it is to bring up our kids to not victimize others. It could prompt progressively strain and battling inside individuals and gatherings. To whole up, segregation can cause numerous issues. The legislature ought to establish laws to keep away from it, and society should likewise set up a few associations, projects or networks to help assemble a superior level free of separation.

Christa McAuliffe - Space Shuttle Challenger Teacher

Sharon Christa Corrigan  McAuliffe was Americas first teacher in space candidate, chosen to fly aboard the shuttle and teach lessons to children on Earth. Unfortunately, her flight ended in tragedy when the Challenger orbiter was destroyed 73 seconds after liftoff. She left behind a legacy of education facilities called the Challenger Centers, with one located in her home state of New Hampshire. McAuliffe was born September 2, 1948 to Edward and Grace Corrigan, and grew up being very  excited about the space program. Years later, on her Teacher In Space Program application, she wrote, I watched the Space Age being born and I would like to participate. Christa McAulffe in the Shuttle Mission Simulator training for her flight aboard Challenger. NASA Johnson Space Center (NASA-JSC) Early Life Sharon Christa Corrigan was born on September 2, 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts, to Edward C. Corrigan and Grace Mary Corrigan. She was the oldest of five children and went by the name Christa her whole life. The Corrigans lived in Massachusetts, moving from Boston to Framingham when Christa was a small child. She attended Marian High school, graduating in 1966. While attending Marian High School in Framingham, MA, Christa met and fell in love with Steve McAuliffe. After graduation, she attended Framingham State College, majored in history, and received her degree in 1970. That same year, she and Steve were married. They moved to the Washington, D.C. area, where Steve attended Georgetown Law School. Christa took a teaching job, specializing in American history and social studies until the birth of their son, Scott. She  attended Bowie State University, earning a masters degree in school administration in 1978. They next moved to Concord, NH, when Steve accepted a job as an assistant to the state attorney general. Christa had a daughter, Caroline and stayed home to raise her and Scott while looking for work. Eventually, she took a job with Bow Memorial School, then later with Concord High School.   Becoming the Teacher in Space In 1984, when she learned about NASAs efforts to locate an educator to fly on the space shuttle, everyone who knew Christa told her to go for it. She mailed her completed application at the last minute and doubted her chances of success. Even after becoming a finalist, she did not expect to be chosen. Some of the other teachers were doctors, authors, scholars. She felt she was just an ordinary person. When her name was chosen, out of 11,500 applicants in the summer of 1984, she was shocked but ecstatic. She was going to make history as the first school teacher in space. Christa headed to the Johnson Space Center in Houston to begin her training in September 1985. She feared the other astronauts would consider her an intruder, just â€Å"along for the ride,† and vowed to work hard to prove herself. Instead, she discovered that the other crew members treated her as part of the team. She trained with them in preparation for a 1986 mission. Christa McAuliffe undergoing weightless training in NASAs Vomit Comet trainer. NASA   She said, â€Å"A lot of people thought it was over when we reached the Moon (on Apollo 11). They put space on the back burner. But people have a connection with teachers. Now that a teacher has been selected, they are starting to watch the launches again.† Lesson Plans for a Special Mission Besides teaching a set of special science lessons from the shuttle, Christa was planning to keep a journal of her adventure. â€Å"Thats our new frontier out there, and its everybodys business to know about space, she noted.   Space Shuttle Challenger Disaster STS-51L Pictures - 51-L Challenger Crew in White Room. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) Christa was scheduled to fly aboard the space shuttle  Challenger for mission STS-51L. After several delays, it finally launched January 28, 1986 at 11:38:00 a.m. eastern standard time. Seventy-three seconds into the flight, the Challenger exploded, killing all seven astronauts aboard as their families watched from the Kennedy Space Center. It was not the first NASA space flight tragedy, but it was the first watched around the world. Sharon Christa McAuliffe was killed along with the entire crew; mission commander Francis R. Scobee; pilot Michael J. Smith; mission specialists Ronald E. McNair, Ellison S. Onizuka, and Judith A. Resnik; and payload specialists Gregory B. Jarvis. Christa McAuliffe was also listed as a payload specialist. The cause of the Challenger explosion was later determined to be the failure of an o-ring due to extreme cold temperatures. However, the real problems may have had more to do with politics than engineering. Honors and Remembrance While it has been many years since the incident, people have not forgotten McAuliffe and her teammates. Part of Christa McAuliffe’s mission aboard the Challenger was to have taught two lessons from space. One would have introduced the crew, explained their functions, describing much of the equipment aboard, and telling how life is lived aboard a space shuttle. The second lesson would have concentrated more on spaceflight itself, how it works, why it’s done, etc. She never got to teach those lessons. Astronauts Joe Acaba and Ricky Arnold, who are part of the astronaut corps for the International Space Station, announced plans to use the lessons onboard the station during their mission. The plans covered experiments in liquids, effervescence, chromatography and Newtons laws. Challenger Centers After the tragedy, the families of the Challenger crew banded together to help form the Challenger Organization, which provides resources for students, teachers, and parents for educational purposes. Included in these resources are 42 Learning Centers in 26 states, Canada, and the UK which offer a two-room simulator, consisting of a space station, complete with communications, medical, life, and computer science equipment, and a mission control room patterned after NASAs Johnson Space Center and a space lab ready for exploration. Also, there have been many schools and other facilities around the country named after these heroes, including the Christa McAuliffe Planetarium in Concord, NH. Scholarships have been funded in her memory, and she is remembered each year on NASAs Day of Remembrance commemorating all astronauts lost in the line of duty. The Christa McAuliffe planetarium/Shepard Discovery Center in Concord, New Hampshire. Christa McAuliffe is buried in a Concord cemetery, on a hillside not far from the planetarium built in her honor. Fast Facts: Christa McAuliffe Born: September 2, 1948; died January 28, 1986.Parents: Edward C. and Grace Mary CorriganMarried: Steven J. McAuliffe in 1970.Children: Scott and CarolineChrista McAuliffe was to be the first teacher in space. She was selected in 1984 for a 1986 mission.McAuliffe had planned to teach several lessons from space to children around the world.The Challenger mission was cut short by castastrophe 73 seconds after launch when the main tank exploded due to outgassing from the solid rocket boosters. It destroyed the shuttle and killed all seven astronauts. Sources: â€Å"Christa McAuliffe Biography / Biography of Christa McAuliffe.†Ã‚  Los Alamitos Unified School District / Overview, www.losal.org/domain/521.â€Å"Christas Lost Lessons.†Ã‚  Challenger Center, www.challenger.org/challenger_lessons/christas-lost-lessons/.Garcia, Mark. â€Å"Christa McAuliffes Legacy Experiments.†Ã‚  NASA, NASA, 23 Jan. 2018, www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-challenger-center-collaborate-to-perform-christa-mcauliffe-s-legacy-experiments. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

A Computerized Payroll System Free Essays

string(41) " there are four weeks in a month; Php25\." Abstract 1. 0Introduction1-1 1. 1Statement of the Problem 1-1 1. We will write a custom essay sample on A Computerized Payroll System or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2Current state of the Technology 1-2-1-4 1. 3Objectives 1-5 1. 3. 1General Problem 1-5 1. 3. 2Specific Problem 1-5 – 1-6 1. 3. 3General Objectives1-6 1. 3. 4Specific Objectives 1-6 – 1-7 1. 3. 5Scope and Limitations 1-7 – 1-9 2. 0Theoretical Framework2-1 2. 1Introduction 2-1 2. 2Database Management 2-2 2. 3Information System2-2 2. 4Transaction Processing System2-3 2. 5Computer2-3 2. 5. 1Hardware2-3 2. 5. 2Software2-4 2. 5. 3Microsoft Access2-4 2. 5. 4Microsoft Word2-4 3. A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3-1 3. 1. Introduction 3-1 3. 2 System Design Specification 3-1 3. 3 System Development Life Cycle Diagram 3-2 – 3-4 3. 3. 1. System Planning 3-2 3. 3. 2. System Analysis 3-3 3. 3. 3. System Design 3-3 3. 3. 4. System Implementation3-4 3. 3. 5. System Maintenance 3-4 Data Flow Diagram of Regular Employees (Current System) 3-5 Data Flow Diagram of Contractual Employees (Current System) 3-6 3. 3 Proposed Data Diagram 3-7- 3-8 3. 4 Entity Rela tionship Diagram 3-9 3. 5 Input Specification 3-10- 3-12 Data Structure of Database: Personal Data 3-10 Data Structure of Database: Regular payroll3-10-3-11 Data Structure of Database: Formula for Regular 3-10 Data Structure of Database: Contractual Payroll3-11-3-12 Data Structure of Database: Formula for Contractual 3-12 Data Structure of Database: Deductions 3-12 4. 0. Performance Analysis 4-1 4. 1. Introduction 4-1 4. 2. Experimental 4. 3. Data Gathering Procedures and Output4-2 4. 3. 1. Interview 4-2 4. 3. 2. Observation4-2 – 4-3 4. 4. Research Method 4-3 4. 4. 1. Internet 4-3- 4-4 4. 4. 2. Library 4-4 5. 0. Conclusion 5-1 5. 1. Recommendation 5-1-5-2 Appendices Appendix A (work schedule) Appendix B (Certification and letter) Appendix C (transcript of interview) Appendix D (sample forms and reports) Appendix E (expenses) Appendix f (screen shots) 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1Statement of the Problem Not so long ago, all payrolls used to be calculated manually without any help from the computer. Professional’s accountants invested a lot of time and energy into keeping track of all employee data, files and information, calculating monthly salaries, benefits and taxes. And they did this all by keeping numerous files filled with track records for each and every person employed. Nowadays, however, thing are for more simple than they used to be. Because technology is always dedicated to making thing easier and better, quite a wide variety of computerized payroll system is available to save us from this tedious task. Now instead of keeping dozens of files and spending in less hours calculating, all you have to do is get a payroll software system and let it do the nasty work. The computerized payroll system saves time and money easy to use and practical. Manual payroll system is performed entirely by hand and can result in payroll errors and usually slow process. Nowadays business establishment on corporation must use modern technologies to make their tasks easier and faster, technologies that will help people to solve complex problems. Businesses needs advance system that saves time and also secure. Most of company now uses computerized payroll system. A computerized payroll system will not only resolve difficult problems but also it will provide fast process and accurate calculation of the salary. 1. 2Current State of the Technology Transaction processing systems offer enterprises the means to rapidly process transactions to ensure the smooth flow of data and the progression of processes throughout the enterprise. Managing a payroll system manually is a tedious job. Hours worked, taxes, and government deduction are calculated y hand, error in computation can occur as a result. Making sure that each employee is paid accordingly and on time is a management responsibility that should be carefully planned and executed. Failure to manage a payroll effectively may cause many problems for the company and its employees. It could mean loss of money, integrity, and trust between both parties. Oftentimes, it takes many hours of work and manpower to get the job done. In certain cases, effective payroll management is compromised by the lack of an effective system. Most companies may have enough manpower and resources. However, with an effective information technology, managing a payroll will be simpler, cost-effective, timely and reliable. One of the companies that use manual payroll system is the Arias Garments. It was established last September 18, 1994 at #88 Bargy. Latag, Lipa City, under the management of Mr. Alex Arias together with his wife Mrs. Anita Carol Katigbak. It started with only forty machines and ten employees. The capital of Arias Garments is Php 500,000. 00. By 1996, Arias Garments became the subcontractor of Champan Garments. Champan Garments produce and transport products like Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Tommy, and Hilfinger. As of now, Arias Garments have 176 machines and 100 employees (40 regular and 60 contractual). 8:00AM is the time-in of employees, 4:00PM is the time out, and they consider 8:15AM as late. Employees who are late or either log-out earlier than 4:00PM will have a deduction on their wages (deduction is 0. 61 per minutes late or under time). First offense, for late and employees who under time, will be given warning, second and third offense is suspension and fourth offense is termination. Manufacturing is their main business, their product lines are: Jeans, Skirts, and shorts for maternity, infants, and kinds. Their clients are from different countries: Japan, UK, Hongkong, China, and Taiwan. Arias Garments is not allowed to sell or manufacture product here in Philippines, because this is an agreement between Arias and Champan Garments. They also have regular and contractual employee, when it comes to salary it is still the same, Php293. 0 is the salary rate per day. Regular employees have government benefits (SSS, PagIbig, and Phil health). Arias Garments is a minimum wage earner that’s why they are paying the minimum amount on the government deduction. PagIbig deduction is Php100. 00 per month, since weekly is the cut-off period Php100. 00 will be divided by four because there are four weeks in a month; Php25. You read "A Computerized Payroll System" in category "Papers" 00 is the deduction per cut-off period on PagIbig. In PhilHealth, Php50. 00 is the per month, so per cut-off period is Php12. 50. Regarding with SSS deduction the Compliance Officer is provided a table of deduction given by SSS. Since employees are minimum wage earner they have to pay Php133. 30 month or Php33. 33 per cut-off period. Contractual employees don’t have benefits; it means they don’t have to pay government deduction. Employees of Arias Garments are not paying taxes, because they are minimum wage earner and do not receive allowance from the company, therefore they are zero rated or tax free. Regarding to holiday, employees who work during holiday will have a double pay. Regular employees who worked, one year and above have a vacation leave ( policy regarding to leave olicy is written at the back part at appendix ___? ) They used daily time card to monitor the attendance of employees and every Thursday is their cut-off period. Accounting Process is managed by the Compliance Officer namely, Mrs. Korina Navarro. She manually computes every day the employee’s wages and necessary deductions, she spent three hours a day to finish and update the employee’s wages. By looking th rough the time card she manages to compute the days worked of 100 employees’s that causes inaccurate and delay computation of the weekly salary. Reports for SSS, PagIbig, and Phil health will be prepared by the Compliance Officer that consume most of her time in a day. Because of huge number of Arias Garments employees, the Compliance Officer encounter different problem like slow transaction and inaccurate computation of wages and deductions, inaccurate report generation and ineffective creation of pay slip. 1. 3Objectives 1. 3. 1General Problem How to design, develop and improve the current payroll system of Arias Garments? 1. 3. 2Specific Problem †¢How to add and update the employee’s record faster? Based on interview the Compliance Officer takes more of her time on adding and updating employee’s record. Because of big number of Arias Garments employee, it causes inaccurate input on adding and updating data. †¢How to make accurate computations of the employee’s payroll? Based on the interview conducted, the Compliance Officer of Arias Garments computes the employee’s salary includes certain deductions (SSS, Phil Health and PagIbig) and necessary leave, absence, holiday pay, and under time that are carefully considered for the computations of the net pay manually. Exchanging and inaccurate results usually happened. Arias Garments create their pay slip manually also, in this case the compliance officer has to look at the table all over again to verify each of the employee’s salary and write it down on a pay slip to formalized the wage slow transaction and inaccurate pay slip is the often result. †¢How to minimize the time preparing the weekly employee reports? Based on observation the compliance officer is the only one who prepares the weekly employee reports that consume most of her time in a day. Arias Garments monitoring system is executed manually, therefore generating reports consume more time. 1. 3. 3General objectives This study aims to improve the current payroll system of Arias Garments by developing and designing a computerized payroll. 1. 3. 4Specific Objectives Specifically, the study aims: †¢To develop an Information Module that will contain personal information of employees. This module will improve the procedures of adding and updating files and record of employees of Arias Garments through the use of computerized payroll information module, which will minimize the time in adding and updating processes. †¢To develop a transaction module that will compute the wages and deductions such as PagIbig, SSS, Phil Health, and absence. This module will automatically compute necessary government deductions needed in providing weekly wages. This will serve as a guide in computing wages. This will also contain a print-out salary and deductions of the employees. This will automatically print-out the computed salary of employees in a computerized pay slip. †¢To develop a report generation module, that will generate weekly reports to be use by the Compliance Officer. The proposed system will also contain the report generation module which will offer faster way of creating weekly reports. This module will generate reports easier than Microsoft Excel. . 3. 5Scope and Limitations The system will focus mainly on transaction of calculating employee’s wages by using Microsoft Access. It will guarantee maintenance of employee’s personal records and transaction. The proposed system will be using Microsoft Access. The system has a data base that stores all the employees record needed in payroll computation. Thi s includes the personal data of every employee, government deductions and other deductions. Computation for contractual and regular employees will be separated. The Computerized Payroll System will contain the major following major module: †¢Information Module This module contains the personal information about the employees of the Arias Garments. In this module Compliance Officer can add, delete, edit and update easily the information about employees. †¢Transaction Module This module is for the computation of the employee’s payroll for their weekly wages. Computation on deduction such SSS, PagIbig, PhilHealth, late and under time will automatically computed and deducted in this module. †¢Report Generation Module This module will generate weekly reports such as employees payslip, SSS, PagIbig, and PhilHealth Contribution. The Compliance Officer can view or print-out the needed reports. This will help the management in a faster salary distribution for the employees. This study will not involve the use of other electronic devices such as swiping machines, barcode readers, touch screen and programmable keyboard due to the lack of financial capability of the proponents to buy such equipments and Arias Garments does not consider those devices at present time due to their budget allocation. Time-in and time-out of the employees will not be included in the system. Employees will still use the daily time card to monitor their attendance. Compliance Officer will just transfer the employee attendance by typing in to the system. User name and user password is not provided on the system. Financial calculation is not included in the system; only employees can be calculated in the system. Furthermore, the system would be limited only for creation of pay slips, generation of reports and record keeping. The system will not include accounting process such computation of debit, credit, and cash on hand. The system is designed in such a manner that Compliance Officer with minimal computer knowledge will be able to learn and later master all the procedures provided. Therefore, it will not be necessary to hire additional staff. 2. 0Theoretical Framework 2. Introduction A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts, like a theory but not necessarily so well worked-out. A theoretical framework guides your research, determining what things you will measure, and what statistical relationships you will look for. Theoretical frameworks are obviously critical in deductive, theory-testing sorts of studies. In those kinds of studies, the theoretical framework must be very specific and well-thought out. Surprisingly, theoretical frameworks are also important in exploratory studies, where you really don’t know much about what is going on, and are trying to learn more. There are two reasons why theoretical frameworks are important here. First, no matter how little you think you know about a topic, and how unbiased you think you are, it is impossible for a human being not to have preconceived notions, even if they are of a very general nature. A theoretical framework is a collection of interrelated concepts, like a theory but not necessarily so well worked-out. A theoretical framework guides your research, determining what things you will measure, and what statistical relationships you will look for. 2. 2Database Management A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs that controls the creation, maintenance, and the use of a database. It allows organizations to place control of database development in the hands of database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access the same database. DBMSs may use any of a variety of database models, such as the network model or relational model. In large systems, a DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve data in a structured. 2. 3Information System Information Systems (IS) is an academic/professional discipline bridging the business field and the well-defined computer science field that is evolving toward a new scientific area of study. An information systems discipline therefore is supported by the theoretical foundations of information and computations such that learned scholars have unique opportunities to explore the academics of various business models as well as related algorithmic processes within a computer science discipline. . 4 Transaction Processing System A Transaction Processing System (TPS) is a type of information system that collects, stores, modifies and retrieves the data transactions of an enterprise. A transaction is any event that passes the ACID test in which data is generated or modified before storage in an information system. Transaction processing systems offer enterprises the me ans to rapidly process transactions to ensure the smooth flow of data and the progression of processes throughout the enterprise. 2. Computer A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem. 2. 5. 1Hardware Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners. The internal hardware parts of a computer are often referred to as components, while external hardware devices are usually called peripherals. Together, they all fall under the category of computer hardware. Software, on the other hand, consists of the programs and applications that run on computers. Because software runs on computer hardware, software programs often have system requirements that list the minimum hardware required for the software to run. 2. 5. 2Software Computer software, or just software, is a collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do and how to do it. We can also say software refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of the computer for some purposes. In other words software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation. 2. 5. 3Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is the database application from the Microsoft Office Suite of applications. It is a powerful personal database and data manipulation tool that is also widely used in many small businesses. Database consists of tables, their relationship to one another, queries, reports, forms. Macros and filters. 2. 5. 4Microsoft Word Word includes templates to design documents used routinely in office environments such as sales letters, mailing label formats and invoices. A program to type text. 3. 0A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3. 1Introduction The proposed system will be using Microsoft Access for the database. The system will have a data base that stores all the employee records needed in payroll computation. This includes information of every employee and government deductions. The system have a information, transaction and report generation module. The proposed system is designed only for the use of Arias Garments which is located at #88 Brgy. Latag, Lipa City. The system would be limited only for the creation of pay slips, generation of reports and record keeping. 3. 2System Design Specification The proposed system is determined to eliminate all the problems encountered in using the manual operations in the payroll system. The primary goal of the proponents is to develop a computerized system that will help the user reduce the burden of time processing of payroll with integrity and accuracy. The proponents used System development Life Cycle, because it is systematic and has an orderly approach in analyzing the projects. The first step is System Planning, second is system analysis, third is system design, fourth is system implementation and last is system support. The system was developed in order to solve the problems of the current payroll of Arias Garments. System development Life Cycle System Planning The planning phase includes several elements such as identification of objectives, assessment of resources, scanning the environment, determination and evaluation of alternative sources of action toward the achievement of objectives. The proponents did the initial investigation as what solution is necessary in order to improve the current manual payroll system of the Arias Garments. The proponents gather information through interviews, and observation of the current payroll system of Arias Garments. This study aims to design, develop and improved the current manual payroll system of Arias Garments to lessen the time being consumed in computing salaries and generating all necessary reports. System Analysis The purpose is to analyze the Arias Garments problem or situation and then to define the requirements for new or improved payroll system. The proponents worked with the Compliance Officer of Arias Garments in order to better understand how they managed their current payroll system and how proponents can provide the best alternative solution. System design The scope of a system design remains the single payroll system application from system analysis. The purposed is to design a computerized technical solution that meets the payroll system requirements as specified in system analysis. Proponents used the best solution that they devised in the system analysis phase. Proponents provide effective input to information like the formula, field name and type. Proponents used techniques of a good form and screen design. System Implementation The purposed of the system implementation is defined by the technology related components of the payroll system application. The purpose is to construct and or assemble the technical components and deliver the new improved payroll system into operation. The system is carefully tested to make sure that there are no errors. The proponents turn the system design into credible working system using Microsoft Access. System Maintenance The purposed of the system maintenance is to sustain and support the system for the remainder of its useful life. The proponents will use a proof implementation review process to monitor, evaluate and modify the system as needed. The proponents will keep in touch with the payroll officers for them to communicate with each other about the installed payroll system program. If ever those errors are encountered, the proponents will do all of the necessary corrections the soonest possible time. This phase will continue as long as the system is in use. 3. 3Proposed Data Flow Diagram of Arias Garments The proposed system was developed in order to solve the problems of the current manual payroll of Arias Garments. The system will monitor the time-in and time-out of the employees and calculate hours worked in payroll transaction. Employee’s records and files will be kept in a secured database for necessary updating and deletion purposes. The system will also generate weekly reports and computerized pay slip for every employee. 3. 4Entity Relationship Diagram Entity Relationship Diagram is use to identify the relationships between each table from database. Each table has a primary key that connect the table to another table to know if it is connected to other tables. 3. Input Specification Data Structure of Database: Personal Data Data Structure of Database: Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Deductions 3. 6Output Specification Data Structure of Database: Personal Data Data Structure of Database: Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Regular Payroll Data Structure of Database: Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Formula Contractual Payroll Data Structure of Database: Deductions 4. 0Performance Analysis 4. 1Introduction Performance analysis involves gathering formal and informal data to help customers and sponsors define and achieve their goals. Performance analysis uncovers several perspectives on a problem or opportunity, determining any and all drivers towards or barriers to successful performance, and proposing a solution system based on what is discovered. Based on interview and observation the solution for the problem encountered by Arias Garments is to improve their current payroll system. 4. 2Experimental The experimental method is the only method of research that can truly test hypotheses concerning cause-and-effect relationships. It represents the most valid approach to the solution of educational problems, both practical and theoretical, and to the advancement of education. The proponents use Microsoft Excel to determine the difference with Microsoft Access. Proponents found out that Microsoft Access is easy to use and more advance when it comes to features. By browsing the Microsoft Access proponents became more familiar on it and they can now make a Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments. 4. 3Data Gathering Procedures and Output In data gathering, the proponents used different procedures and techniques that became the first touch of defining problems encountered by Arias Garments. The proponents set an interview with the Compliance Officer in order to gather facts. The second technique is observation, as to clearly understand and support the conducted interview. Library and internet is also use. 4. 3. 1Interview Interview is a technique used to gather information about the subject of the study. Relevant set of questions were prepared for the Compliance Officer, Mrs Korina Navarro in order to gather information on how they manage their current Payroll System. The transcript of interview is on the back page at apendex____? 4. 3. 2Observation Observation is very effective information gathering. In able to understand clearly the problem of the current system or to know what solutions should be made, observation is one technique that should be practiced. Observation is performed by the proponents in order to know and understand the daily transaction of Arias Garments. Based on the observation conducted, computation and deductions are done manually in their current payroll by the Compliance Officer. Often, results are slow transaction and inaccurate computation of salary. 4. 4Research Method Can be defined as the search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, with an open mind, to establish facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories. 4. 4. 1Internet The proponents used internet because, internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of information. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. Throughout the development of the system and documentation particularly in chapter 2, 3, and 4, the proponents use goggle, yahoo, Wikipedia as search engine for defining terms like theoretical framework, database management, transaction processing system, information system, computer, hardware, software, Microsoft Access and word for chapter 2 and the different phases of system development life cycle for chapter 3. Data gathering, interview, observation, research method, internet and library for chapter 4. The following website that we have research are: References: [http://www. estpricecomputers. co. uk/glossary/transaction-processing-systems. htm] [http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Information_system] [http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Computer] [http://www. google. com. ph] 4. 3. 2 Library It means the collection itself, the building or room that houses such a collection. The proponents conducted library research at STI College Lipa Library. Information was gathered by the proponents fr om different thesis about payroll system like â€Å"A Computerized Payroll System for the office of the City Veterinarian and Agriculture services and some other books like Database Processing and MS Office ’97. Screen Shot No. : 1 Screen Name: Welcome Screen Shot No. : 2 Description: Arias Garments Logo’s Screen Shot No. : 3 Description: all modules Screen Shot No. : 4 Description: this is Information form, can add, delete and update employees record. Screen Shot No. : 5 Description: Form for the computation of regular employee’s salary. Screen Shot No. : 6 Description: Form for the computation of contractual employee’s salary Screen Shot No. : 7 Description: Reports Screen Shot No. 8 Description: Payslip ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Words are not enough to express the depth of gratitude for those special people who unselfishly shared their time, helping hands, words of encouragement and most of all love, which contributed to the fulfillment of this endeavor. Coming from our heart with all sincerity we wish to thank the following: Engr. Ramon P. Flores IV, Dean and our instructor in research and development for the concern, comments, hel pful advice and encouragement to finish this study. Arias Garments, especially to Ms. Korina Navarro the Compliance Officer, for allowing us to conduct interview and providing the information and written document for pursuing this study. Ms. Thelma Sarmiento and Ms. Daisy Oracion, IT instructors for their worthy suggestion and sharing knowledge for fulfilment of our system. Mr. Antonio Fernandez BSBM Head, for giving us some suggestion and moral support for the fulfillment of this study. Ms. Isabelita Socias, STI Lipa Librarian for allowing us to use the library. Mr. Leonardo Babol III, giving us the permission you use the permission STI Computer Laboratory. Mr. Lloyd Wendell Aguilar, for guiding us when we are using computers in the Computer Laboratory. Friends and Classmates, for encouragement and support. Beloved Parents, for their all-out love, concern and understanding, moral and financial support which contributed significantly in the accomplishment and fulfilment of the study. And to Almighty God, for never-ceasing guidance in helping us to overcome all of our day-today difficulties and for not leaving us in time of hardship. Thank you very much. Proponents: Ms. Arnalyn S. Arellano Ms. Marry Ann A. Adona Ms. Christine Rose R. Arellano BIBLIOGRAPHY Books: [1997]Microsoft Office ‘97 System Technology Institute PHP and SQL Web Development (3rd Edition) Luke Welling and Laura Thomson Unpublished Thesis: [CAV 2004]Vergara, Carmen A. A computerized Payroll System for the Office of the City of Veterinarian and Agriculture March 2004 World Wide Web: Http://www. goggle. com. ph] Http://www. Transaction-processing-system. htm] [Http://www. wikepedia. org/wiki/computer] How to cite A Computerized Payroll System, Papers

Brand Management Reinforce Apple

Question: Describe about the Brand Management for Reinforce Apple. Answer: 1 B: Make recommendations to reinforce Apple over the next 12 months: There are certain strategies that should be considered by Apple to facilitate their business operation and sales with a year. Marketing communication strategy helps to increase the connection with customers that helps to increase the equity of the brand. In case of Apple, the goal of the integrated marketing strategy is to provide clear and concrete messages to the clients regarding the products and after sales service provided to service users. Therefore the company should focus on introducing lucrative content that assists the company to hold a strong position. Apple should endeavour to improve the advertising strategy to reach wide range of service users all around the world. The introduction of online marketing of the product aids to arrest the attention of large amount of end-users in the market. Therefore, Apple should focus on opening more online websites to reach the client of global market. It aids this technology company to attain the reviews of the clients. The feedback of the end-users motivates the business firm to incorporate highly advanced technology in the products. For example, Apple has recently launched iPhone 6 and the after sales reviews assist the company to address the success of their product in the market. Apple should focus on using social networking sites to make people aware of the newly launched products. It helps to increase customers knowledge regarding Apples products prevalent in the market. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and many more help to draw the interest of consumers all around the world. It reduces the cost of marketing that helps the company to invest more in the productivity. It also impacts upon the sales margin and profit ratio possessed by the company. For example, online promotion of Apple products increases the sales of companys technical products that increase their profit margin and share value in recent year. Apple should also focus on introducing small teams in the firm to monitor and regulate the function of different department present in the organisation. For instance, the research and development department of Apple has introduced small groups to increase the productivity of the company. Introduction of small groups help to observe the function of several departments such as logistic, sales, customer service and so on. The close observation might help the Apple to increase their service delivery system that affects the business performance and sales operation.

A Brief History of Plasma Television

A Brief History of Plasma Television The very first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in July 1964 at the University of Illinois by professors Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow, and then graduate student Robert Willson. However, it was not until after the advent of digital and other technologies that successful plasma televisions became possible. According to Wikipedia a plasma display is an emissive flat panel display where light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of glass. During the early sixties, the University of Illinois used regular televisions as computer monitors for their in-house computer network. Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson (the inventors listed on the plasma display patent) researched plasma displays as an alternative to the cathode ray tube-based televisions sets being used. A cathode-ray display has to constantly refresh, which is okay for video and broadcasts but bad for displaying computer graphics. Donald Bitzer began the project and enlisted the help of Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. By July of 1964, the team had built the first plasma display panel with one single cell. Todays plasma televisions use millions of cells. After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made possible flat screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Webers prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label, combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

Biography of Harriet Tubman, Helped Slaves to Freedom

Biography of Harriet Tubman, Helped Slaves to Freedom Harriet Tubman (c. 1820–March 10, 1913) was a slave, fugitive, Underground Railroad conductor, abolitionist, spy, soldier, and nurse known for her  service during the Civil War and her advocacy of civil rights and womens suffrage. Tubman remains one of historys most inspiring African-Americans and there are many childrens stories about her, but those usually stress her early life, escape from slavery, and work with the Underground Railroad. Less known are her Civil War service and her other activities in the nearly 50 years she lived after the war. Fast Facts: Harriet Tubman Known For: Abolitionist causes, Civil War work, civil rightsAlso Known As:  Araminta Ross, Araminta Green, Harriet Ross, Harriet Ross Tubman, MosesBorn: c. 1820 in Dorchester County, MarylandParents: Benjamin Ross, Harriet GreenDied: March 10, 1913 in Auburn, New YorkSpouses: John Tubman, Nelson DavisChildren: GertieNotable Quote: I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a  right  to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other; for no man should take me alive. Early Life Harriet Tubman was born into slavery in Dorchester County, Maryland, in 1820 or 1821, on the plantation of Edward Brodas or Brodess. Her birth name was Araminta, and she was called Minty until she changed her name to Harriet- after her mother- as an early teen. Her parents, Benjamin Ross and Harriet Green, were enslaved Africans who saw many of their 11 children sold into the Deep South. At age 5, Araminta was rented to neighbors to do housework. She was never good at household chores and was beaten by her owners and renters. She wasnt educated to read or write. She eventually was assigned to work as a field hand, which she preferred to housework. At age 15, she suffered a head injury when she blocked the path of the overseer pursuing an uncooperative slave. The overseer flung a weight at the other slave, hitting Tubman, who probably sustained a severe concussion. She was ill for a long time and never fully recovered. In 1844 or 1845, Tubman married John Tubman, a free black man. Shortly after her marriage, she hired a lawyer to investigate her legal history and discovered that her mother had been freed on a technicality upon the death of a former owner. The lawyer advised her  that a court wouldnt likely hear the case, so she dropped it. But knowing that she should have been born free led her to contemplate freedom and resent her situation. In 1849, Tubman heard that two of her brothers were about to be sold to the Deep South, and her husband threatened to sell her, too. She tried to persuade her brothers to escape with her but left alone, making her way to Philadelphia and freedom. The next year, Tubman decided to return to Maryland to free her sister and her sisters family. Over the next 12 years, she returned 18 or 19 times, bringing more than 300 people out of slavery. Underground Railroad Tubmans organizing ability was crucial to her work with the Underground Railroad, a network of opponents of slavery that helped fugitive slaves escape. Tubman was only 5 feet tall, but she was smart and strong and carried a rifle. She used it not only to intimidate pro-slavery people but also to keep slaves from backing out. She told any who seemed ready to leave that dead Negroes tell no tales about the railroad. When Tubman first reached Philadelphia, she was, under the law of the time, a free woman, but passage of the  Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 made her a wanted fugitive again. All citizens were obligated to aid in her recapture, so she had to operate quietly. But she soon became known throughout abolitionist circles and freedmens communities. After the Fugitive Slave Act passed, Tubman began guiding her Underground Railroad passengers to Canada, where they could be truly free. From 1851 through 1857, she lived parts of the year in St. Catherines, Canada, and Auburn, New York, where many anti-slavery citizens lived. Other Activities In addition to her twice-yearly trips to Maryland to help slaves escape, Tubman developed her oratorical skills and began speaking publicly at anti-slavery meetings and, by the end of the decade, womens rights meetings. A price had been placed on her head- at one time it was as high as $40,000- but she was never betrayed. Tubman freed three of her brothers in 1854, bringing them to St. Catherines. In 1857, Tubman brought her parents to freedom. They couldnt take Canadas climate, so she settled them on land she bought in Auburn with the aid of abolitionist supporters. Earlier, she had returned to rescue her husband John Tubman, only to find hed remarried and wasnt interested in leaving. Tubman earned money as a cook and laundress, but she also received support from public figures in New England, including key  abolitionists. She was supported by  Susan B Anthony,  William H. Seward, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Horace Mann, the Alcotts, including educator Bronson Alcott and writer  Louisa May Alcott, William Still  of Philadelphia, and Thomas Garratt of Wilmington, Delaware. Some supporters used their homes as Underground Railroad stations. John Brown In 1859, when John Brown was organizing a rebellion he believed would end slavery, he consulted Tubman. She supported his plans at Harpers Ferry, raised funds in Canada, and recruited soldiers. She intended to help him take the armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia to supply guns to slaves they believed would rebel against their enslavement. But she became ill and wasnt there. Browns raid failed and his supporters were killed or arrested. She mourned her friends deaths and continued to hold Brown as a hero. Civil War Tubmans trips to the South as Moses, as shed become known for leading her people to freedom, ended as the Southern states began to secede and the U.S. government prepared for war. Once war started, Tubman went South to assist with contrabands, escaped slaves attached to the Union Army. The next year, the Union Army asked Tubman to organize a network of scouts and spies among black men. She led forays to gather information and persuade slaves to leave their masters. Many joined regiments of black soldiers. In July 1863, Tubman led troops commanded by Col. James Montgomery in the Combahee River expedition, disrupting Southern supply lines by destroying bridges and railroads and freeing more than 750 slaves. Gen. Rufus Saxton, who reported the raid to Secretary of War  Edwin Stanton, said: This is the only military command in American history wherein a woman, black or white, led the raid and under whose inspiration it was originated and conducted. Some believe Tubman was allowed to go beyond womens traditional boundaries because of her race. Tubman, believing she was employed by the U.S. Army, spent her first paycheck on building a place where freed black women could earn a living doing laundry for soldiers. But she wasnt paid regularly or given rations she believed she deserved. She received only $200 in three years of service, supporting herself by selling baked goods and root beer, which she made after she completed her regular duties. After the war, Tubman never got her back military pay. When she applied for a pension- with the support of  Secretary of State William Seward, Colonel T. W. Higginson, and Rufus- her application was denied. Despite her service and fame, she had no official documents to prove she had served in the war. Freedmen Schools After the war, Tubman established schools for freedmen in South Carolina. She never learned to read and write, but she appreciated the value of education and supported efforts to educate former slaves. She later returned to her home in Auburn, New York, which was her base for the rest of her life. She financially supported her parents, and her brothers and their families moved to Auburn. Her first husband died in 1867 in a fight with a white man.  In 1869 she married Nelson Davis, who had been enslaved in North Carolina but served as a Union Army soldier. He was often ill, probably with tuberculosis, and frequently couldnt work. Tubman welcomed several children into her home, raising them as her own, and supported some impoverished former slaves, financing her efforts through donations and loans. In 1874, she and Davis adopted a baby girl named Gertie. Publishing and Speaking To finance her life and her support of others, she worked with historian Sarah Hopkins Bradford to publish  Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman in 1869. The book was initially financed by abolitionists, including Wendell Phillips and Gerrit Smith, the latter a supporter of John Brown and first cousin of suffragist  Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Tubman toured to speak about her experiences as Moses. In 1886, Bradford, with Tubmans help, wrote a full-scale biography of Tubman titled  Harriet Tubman: Moses of Her People.  In the 1890s, she finally was able to collect a pension as Davis widow: $8 a month. Tubman also worked with Susan B. Anthony on womens suffrage. She attended womens rights conventions and spoke for the womens movement, advocating for the rights of women of color. In 1896, Tubman spoke at the first meeting of the National Association of Colored Women. Continuing to support aged and poor African-Americans, Tubman established a home on 25 acres next to her home in Auburn, raising money with help from the AME Church and a local bank.  The home, which opened in 1908, initially was called the John Brown Home for Aged and Indigent Colored People but later was named for her. She donated the home to the AME Zion Church with the proviso that it would be kept as a home for the elderly.  She moved into the home in 1911 and died of pneumonia on March 10, 1913. Legacy Harriet Tubman became an icon after her death. A World War II Liberty ship was named for her, and in 1978 she was featured on a commemorative stamp. Her home has been named a national historic landmark. The four phases of Tubmans life- a slave; an abolitionist and conductor on the Underground Railroad; a Civil War soldier, nurse, spy and scout; and a social reformer- are important aspects of her dedication to service. Schools and museums bear her name and her history has been told in books, movies, and documentaries. In April 2016, Treasury Secretary Jacob J. Lew announced that Tubman would replace President Andrew Jackson on the $20 bill by 2020, but the plans were delayed. Sources Timeline of the Life of Harriet Tubman. Harriet Tubman Historical Society.Harriet Tubman Biography. Harriettubmanbiography.com.Harriet Tubman: American Abolitionist. Encyclopaedia Britannica.Harriet Tubman Biography. Biography.com.

Rubric Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rubric Activity - Essay Example are that students should never lose interest in reading habit [ since drawing a picture to emphasize the meaning of the lesson will remain in their mind at the time recollecting what they have learned], once the students feel easy to recollect and understand what they have learned they will not get distracted by other activities , this will also improve their ability to explain things that they face new, finally students will be encouraged gradually to develop their reading habit in terms of making them flexible to understand the meaning of what they read new. A rubric has to be formulated to assess their learning development. The categories that are to be included with this rubric are Drawing pictures while teaching a new concept, asking them to guess what it represents before going into detail, teaching the concept and asking them what they have understood, linking the picture and explaining, finding out the response from the students, linking the resources used, finally to make them do the same by giving a new task in the class itself. This will show a good result

White flight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

White flight - Essay Example locations as well as from underdeveloped to contemporary locations the resettlement of people has been perceived as a positivist trend for the settlers themselves as well as for their adopted homelands / towns, because of its ability to contribute in the process of revolutionizing such homelands. Several theories exist, which attempt to describe such a phenomenon, whereby people belonging to a particular region or culture migrate in large numbers to other areas. According to one such theory put forward by Bottomore (1991), imperialism is a system of monopolistic exchange whereby â€Å"excess† is channelized from subsidiary territories to frontrunner sectors which are thriving in all aspects. In other words it is also described as process that suggests domination of underdeveloped countries or regions at the hand of the well established nations1. The theories illustrating the new trend of large scale immigration of Hispanics in the white dominated areas, of southern California, particularly, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Orange, and Riverside, emerged during the early 1990s2 whereby such a trend was contemplated as a part of a global phenomenon with large chunks of population from less developed economies migrated in large numbers to more developed ones in search of better prospects. The concentration of Hispanics in Southern California is relatively high as compared to those belonging to non Hispanic races. According to the Southern California Association of Governments Region (SCAG)3 the significant number of Hispanics in various regions of southern California is a result of the state’s close proximity to the Mexican border as well as the ensuing symbiotic association among the various counties of the southern part of California and Mexico. The Los Angeles region has witnessed a long and impressive history of foreign migration since its founding. According to the State of California Department of Finance report4, the number of whites residing in Los Angeles is

Evaluate Our Rukun Negara Essay

Evaluate Our Rukun Negara Essay The principles of the Rukun Negara formulated by National Consultative Council with together headed by our second prime minister, Tun Abdul Razak at 31 August 1970. The purpose of formation of this national principles are to created unity of various race in Malaysia after the riots of different races at May 13th 1969 in Malaysia. That riots happened had proven the Malaysian racial issues and stability had fragile. The formation of Rukun Negara are one of the method to overcome the racial issues between different races in Malaysia after the May 13th incidents has happened which involved hundreds of people are death in that particular incident. It happened when after election at year 1969 where Parti Tindakan Rakyat (DAP) dan Gerakan get a very good respond from the result of the election. Procession was held by them purpose for incident of one youth Chinese was killed in battle with policemen before the election was held. UMNO was felt be challenged of the result of the election although them still win the majority seats in parliament. Datuk Harun Idris led the riots happened. Purpose of this provocative procession happened was to set fire to the spirit of nationalism of every races in Malaysia. This riots happened until the police force was unable to control the situation. Army force had to be called to help police force to control the situations. This incidents has made all the leaders in Malaysia has realized of importance of unity issues of various races in the country. In the official report, there are totals of 493 people was injured and 196 people are reported death of that incidents. Emergency in the country was declared by our Yang Dipertua Agong, with advices from our first prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman based on article 150 in constitution of federal Malaysia. The Rukun Negara can be related with several place that we visit in the trips. The first principle can related with Batu Caves and National Palaces. Batu Caves are rich with Hinduism cultural. The cultural still preserved until today that let us to enable to study and get to know the elements and everything cultural about Hinduism. National Palaces are rich with Islam religions and cultural. Inside the palaces, lot of architectures are follow Islam and mixed with Hinduism elements to build with it. Switch of the light and fans are made of gold plated, which represent the wealthy and higher class people in society. National Museum represent the place to let all the people to access the past cultural and present cultural in Malaysia. In museum, we can access different races occupations, cultural, rituals and behavior being practice in past and until current today in Malaysia. It also show us how the life, ritual and cultural of Orang Asli in Malaysia. Examine carefully the importance of Rukun Negara for our country; how it cultivate social structure and social organization in society. We are admitting that Rukun Negara was important to our country in Malaysia. Rukun Negara was created to meet its purpose of unity of various race in Malaysia, and prevent the riots of races happened again within the country. Analysis of each elements of national principles BELIEF IN GOD Nation and the State was created based on a strong belief in God. It would make the sovereign country or nation thru these religions belief. The Federal Constitution declared that Islam is the official religion, but other religion and beliefs can be practiced in freedom and tranquility. Any actions discrimination against any citizen on grounds based on religion are prohibited. Pillars of the drafters of the committee recognize the importance of belief in God and religion in human life. This principle has been selected as the first principle of the Rukun Negara to recognize the importance of community members holding robustness against their teaching of religious LOYALTY TO KING AND COUNTRY Malaysia practices a system of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy with head of state, His Majesty the King. This element means that every citizen should be devoted faithful, honest and sincere to His Majesty the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. At the state level, the citizens are required to devote loyalty to the king who ruled the land where they reside without reducing allegiance to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. THE SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION This principle pressing need for people to accept, obey and defend the Constitution of the country or glory. Constitution is the highest legal source. Its function is to provide protection to every citizen of this country because of their privileges and rights as citizens in this country. The Malaysian citizens are required to respect, appreciate, and understand the history, contents and definitions of the Constitution. Constitution was drafted based on consensus of all parties and races within the country. Thus the social contract that people cannot be questioned about it and threatened by any individual or any party. Constitution of Malaysia made for determine the pattern of socio-economic and political position of the citizens in this country. THE RULE OF LAW Justice based on the rule of law where all citizens equal before the law in the country legally. State law based on the Constitution. Thus the need to be accepted and defended its sovereignty. Without the law, social and state life is not peaceful and stable. By the laws of the country are guaranteed by an independent judiciary and competent. Every country needs laws to regulate and create peaceful, prosperity and stability in society. The existence of the law will guarantee a life member of the community can move with freedom and orderly, without any disturbance which not threated the safety of other citizens in the country. All citizens has right to practice freely as long as no violation of the law as well as things as guaranteed by the Constitution. The freedoms right declared in the Constitution does not means citizens have the right to overthrow the current government. COURTESY AND MORALITY These five principles to emphasize the development of ones personality and behavior of the people. The aim is to form citizens courtesy and manners in line with the campaign Courtesy and Noble Values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹conducted now. Individual nature of courtesy and manners are the most important and meaningful in the elements of relationships with other various races within the country. Attitude of courtesy and manners should be taught and practiced to develop the individual as well as high discipline and morality that will help create harmonious in the society. Conduct hate and condemn this behavior or act arrogant or offend any person or class. Polite behavior within the person are contains of high degree of morality in his / her life. Importance of Rukun Negara are create unity among the different races, Chinese, Malay and Indians in Malaysia. In the national principles, it has avoid any racial issues happened between among the three main racial in the country. It was law binding for those go against with it will be arrested. National Principles also create function as a guidance in the formation of one nation in the country regardless of religion and race. It has become important guidelines for government in Malaysia ruled the country. (Utusan Online, 2004) National principles also creates the way of democracy life in the Malaysia nation. In the federal constitution, it was stated practice of democracy must in element for governing in nations of Malaysia. The constitution are almost same like United States. National principles also to serve purpose of the wealth in the nation shall be equitably shared among the nation. It also to ensure the liberal approach of diversity and rich of different cultural traditions within Malaysian nations. (Utusan Online, 2004) In first elements of national principles, not one were racial, each citizens of Malaysia was respect each other cultural, traditions and religions been practice by different races. In today, we can see the effects created by the national principle in our country, Malaysia. Every races still manage to get mixed well by each other. (Utusan Online, 2004) Different races mix well together Second element in national principles are made the citizens in Malaysia have love and loyalty to their country and Kings. Not only that, they are expected to be love their leaders as well. In Today, although we can see Sultan are functionless in our country, but Malaysians are not going to oppose the Sultan but to love the Sultan more and respect them as there are one of the leaders in Malaysia. We can saw Malaysia are developing far behind than Singapore. But, we still love our country as we can see the specialty of Malaysia are united three races in one nation one country, which this reasons are attracted the foreign tourists come and visit to Malaysia. (Utusan Online, 2004) Third elements in national principles enable the citizens in Malaysia live in democracy way in their country. There is freedom to practices their own rituals, cultural and also religious for each races. Every citizens have their right and own voice to protest the wrong doing in the society. Very good example are referring to Bersih Campaign. It is one of the democracy way for Malaysian citizens to voice out their dissatisfied with the wrong doing in past elections. (Utusan Online, 2004) Bersih Campaign The Law Binding were cultivate the society become more alert when they commit any illegal activity. One of the example, any drug trafficking was arrested and had been judged by court, it will received penalty as dead sentences in final. The last principle has enabled all the citizens to build up better or superior personality which consist good moral and behavior. The superior of personality are the important elements of the development of the country. It also able to avoid any riots happened within the country among the different race. In opposite, it able to create harmony among the race for helping each other, complement each other which gave a fast lane for a country to become developed country. Crime rate also can be reduced at the same time. Hence, the Ultimate goal of Rukun Negara also can be achieved at the same time. Different races of Bersih Activists help to save out the victim which hit by policemen car in Bersih Campaign. They eventually help policemen get out of the car after they save the victim of accident. In my opinion, national principles have its importance and it have affect the Malaysian society to get united even better compared with time at post- independent. In today, we can see everyone can have different races of friend in their life. The freedom of Malaysian citizen to practice their cultural and rituals without anyone restrictions are amazing, it has attracted the different country tourists just to come and visit the Malaysia for experiencing this multiracial cultural in Malaysia. In today, we able to see even we from different races but they really help each other when we have difficulty in some situations. My personal experience, when there are a accidents occurs, i can see the Malays and Indians come and help out each other. But, we still can see some group of people which have power in political and position which seen Rukun Negara as nothing. Here, i not wish to refer anyone in Malaysia, but we commonly know what is actually happened in our country. Death of Teoh Beng Hock was still became mystery until today, although court had given final judgment as he commit suicide. We still can see many corruptions happened around the country, which the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission cannot do anything on it because the excessive power involve which can overwrite everything and manage run away from judgments including legislative. In conclusion, Rukun Negara are play very important roles in Malaysia. It gave peace among our country. It also born good personality of the citizens, which love their everything in their home country. Unity among the races are become the specialty of Malaysia toward other countries in all around the world. Others discussion questions Examine Malaysian crime rate and analysis the statistics based on Roberts Merton s Typology of Deviance. In Robert Merton theory of Deviance typology, there are five elements. There are conformity, innovation, ritualism, retreatism and rebellion. Basically, he explain about deviants behavior becomes crime when the crime too disruptive and uncontrollable through informal sanctions. All forms of deviance are related with crime. (Tepperman Curtis, J., 2006) Conformity are refer to achieved of societal goals by social s means which both of them are accepted by society. Innovation is the attaining goals by using unacceptable way by the society. Innovators always think and take of creative ways to achieve their goals, which the creative ways are not accept by society at most of the times. Meanwhile, Ritualism is the means accepted by society but the loss of the goals. Although they has rejected the goals, but they still continue the means. Retreatism is the rejection of both the goals and means. They often find a way to escape from goals and means. Rebellion are same meaning with retreatism but they are with new goals and new means. Merton defined innovation and ritualism are the pure cases, it is because both cases there is a discontinue to implied and pursue between goals and means. (Tepperman Curtis, J., 2006) Based on Malaysia statistics related with crime and law, there are fourteen type of crimes. In concern of increase number of crimes are violent crimes, property crimes, commercial and serial commercial code crimes. Violent crimes are included case of murder, rape, fire armed gang robbery, gang robbery without firearms. Property crimes covered stealing of truck/van, car, snatch thefts and burglary. Commercial crimes covered those trick in business deal, criminal breach of trust, the fraudulent misuse of property and others related. (Statistical of Goverment Malaysia) Relation between Malaysia crime rate and Robert Merton theory, He try to stated that deviances. There is an adaptation by the people to dominant the culture in the society. As the grows between the means and goals, the people will experienced the most internal conflict. Good example, a poor people desired middle class people goal, such as a new LCD television in the home. They find difficulty of means to achieve their goals, in result they felt stress. He argued that they use illegitimate way to accomplish a legitimate goal. Very good example, stealing are one of related element of crimes rate and Robert theory. Thief choose to use stealing ways to achieve their goal of acquire money to survive in this society. This term called as innovations, and the thief called as innovators. Ritualism has some similarity problems with innovators experience. But, they choose to refuse for attaining the goal, and continue with their means (ways to achieve the goal). Example, some people know the way of they achieve the goal are not going to work, but they still practice the ways. Best way to describe retreatism are referring to drug addicts. They did not choose the way to achieve the goal, they also refuse to achieve to goal. They choose to escape from everything. Rebellion are referring group of people or individual who reject the norms, goals, and values of society, which they choose go for another new norms, goals, and values which do not exist in that particular society. Sometime, it is a society itself led the crime happened. Examples, everyone was addicted with the New IPhone which cost very expensive in price. But, because of the societys demand pressure, everyone essential has one by themselves. Some of them might be not afford, they choose perform deviance ways to achieve the cost which enables they to buy the phone, including steal, rob and involved in prostitutions. Father and mother should play a very important role in teaching their children which are ethical ways to perform a decision. It same go with teachers and lecturers in study institutions. Morality values should focus by the teachers in school for their student. Father and mother should become of role to be teach their children should not fall into the trick of deviance typology. In conclusion, everyone has the responsibility for judge whether the ethical decision has been made for majority benefit and agreement in the society. Evaluate the status of women in terms of career and education in Malaysia compare with United States, Kuwait and Nigeria. Status of women in different country has different answer of it. Example, women in Malaysia are far better than women in Middle East countries, which they are more pity, less educated and only play important role in family for caring the children in the home. There are heavy discrimination of women in Middle East countries. Generally, women in Malaysia are consider lucky. They able to receive education and handle certain higher position in several multi-national company. Although, there are small number of discriminations toward to the women, but the situation still consider small matter if compared with Nigeria and other Middle East countries. Malaysia government gave lot of supports for concert their rights to make decisions and advance, aspect of health, education, women in social welfare, and removal of legal obstacles. Formation of the Womens Affairs Ministry in Malaysia at year 2001 to recognize the contributions and the roles of Malaysian women. Based on data of the world bank at year 2011, 47 % of labor force in Malaysia are women. In any study institutions, we able to see majority of students are consisted of female. (The World Bank Group, 2013) Today, women in Kuwait generally consider most emancipated. They have right to drive, travel, and work without their fathers or husbands consent. They even hold senior positions in government department. They basically can work freely and can achieve positions of power and influence. (Womens Voting Rights in Kuwait, n.d.)They also gain right to vote at last at election at year 2005. (BBC News, 2005) In year 2009, they able to get their own passport without his consent of his husband and father too. The change of the ruler in the country in result of election has change the destiny of women in that particular country. There even has women work in police force, special force and army force. Basically, women in Kuwait get equal opportunity of occupational. But, Women in Kuwait get some social discrimination. In Islamic law, Sunni Islamic women inherit only a portion of property from family. Women in Kuwait are receive enough education compared than women in Nigeria. Women in Nigeria are pitiful. They did not enjoy their equal rights as like women in other country. Because of polygamy practice of male in Nigeria, women cannot expect faithful from their husbands. Women are expected to bear humiliation and suffer in silence. Women taken suffer from any venereal diseases, including HIV/AIDS without any words spoken from their mouth. Nigeria women get lower status in the family even had married with her husband. They often get violence from their husband. The economy pressure (higher poverty) led they work as prostitution in their home country. This also one of the reason they get inflection of STD and HIV virus. Nevertheless, majority of them are less educated. Most of the time, women in Nigeria are spend lot of time in house to do their household stuffs. They never have chance work in outside work as like men in Nigeria. (Women in Nigeria: Religion, Culture, and AIDS, 2003) In today, women in United States are gain most freedom in all around the world. According to OECD report, 71% of men are in paid work, compared with 62% of women. In education aspect, This is truer of women than men, as 88% of men have successfully completed high-school compared with 90% of women. ( OECD, n.d.) Across the economy, women now earn 81 cents for every dollar earned by men. According to Forbes (2013), Women are get best paying of wages in place number four of job of health care sectors. (Forbes, 2013) According to the David Alexander and Phil Stewart (2013), US remove lift ban of women involved in role of front line combat. It has release thousands of job opportunity to women in Unite States. (Alexander Phil Stewart, 2013) Education status of women in unite state are far better than any women in Kuwait, Malaysia and Nigeria. According to the United States Census Bureau, there more women attained bachelor degree than men in education. It has shown women get more freedom and opportunity of education in United States. (United States Census Bureau, 2011) In conclusion, my opinion about women toward career and education term should be equal same as male. Women should have the equal right same like male, because they also same like male. We should exploit and limited them to involve with the things as they like to be.